Most designers who engineer reinforced masonry know that code provisions for lap splice lengths have been evolving over the past few code editions. A newer confinement-steel option is available that has the potential to significantly reduce the lap splice lengths, especially for larger diameter bars, through confinement of the structural reinforcement.…
This presentation focuses on anchoring design for natural or cast stone cladding of various sizes with emphasis on large scale or ‘dimensional’ stone. Stone anchoring system selection criteria will be presented followed by discussion of back-up system considerations and anchor design examples.…
This lesson reviews the behavior and load distribution of a lintel within a wall, to help design this common element more effectively and efficiently. Lintel design basics will be reviewed, including possible arch analysis, code requirements specific to lintels, design criteria, and the various options we have in selecting lintels in masonry walls.…
Chapter 12 of the TMS 402 2016 includes provisions for the design of anchored and adhered masonry veneer. Although the vast majority of anchored masonry veneer systems are designed using the prescriptive provisions within this standard, veneers in high wind zones, high seismic zones, or constructed with large distances between the backing walls and the veneer cannot be designed using these prescriptive provisions.…
This lesson addresses the movement characteristics of masonry wall systems, and compares the differences between architectural veneer and structural reinforced masonry. Focus is on best practice for design and construction of expansion and control joints to accommodate and/or restrict masonry material movement.…
The design of reinforced masonry shear walls using both the Allowable Stress Design method and the Strength Design method is covered in this lesson. The requirements for both the design for overturning and the design for shear are explained. The prescriptive seismic detailing requirements for each of three reinforced masonry shear walls types, ordinary, intermediate, and special, are explained, with particular attention to special reinforced shear walls.…
There were two major changes to the anchor bolt design provisions in the 2016 edition of TMS 402. One change was to increase the calculated shear crushing strength by 67%. The other change was to go from a linear interaction equation for combined bending and shear to an elliptical interaction equation. …
Sustainable design and green building are ever evolving. LEED version 4, introduced in late 2013, contains significant changes in the area of Materials and Resources. Masonry expert, Christine A. Subasic, P.E., LEED A.P., provides an overview of the LEEDTM v4 Rating System. This…
Strength design was added to TMS 402 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures in 2002. However, most masonry is still designed by the Allowable Stress Design method. Strength design generally results in more efficient designs than with Allowable Stress Design. This lesson reviews the design assumptions for strength design, and look at the design of beams, bearing walls, and shear walls using strength design.…
The perpetual evolution of design and construction requirements adopted by building codes presents an ongoing challenge to designers and code officials as they strive to keep pace with these changes. In response, the National Concrete Masonry Association developed and released the Direct Design Software as a simple, intuitive resource to quickly generate code-compliant designs of structural masonry buildings.…
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